![]() Find patient medical information for Aspirin Oral on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings. Stomach and duodenal ulcer diet, herbs, vitamins, natural treatment with diet, supplements and home remedy by Ray Sahelian, M.D. April 10 2016. PainDatabase ! Leaky intestines, fatty liver, and chronic pain. Original Article. Changes in Diet and Lifestyle and Long-Term Weight Gain in Women and Men. Dariush Mozaffarian, M.D., Dr.P.H., Tao Hao, M.P.H., Eric B. Rimm, Sc.D. ![]() ![]() ![]() Ovarian Cancer Symptoms, Signs, Stages & Treatment. Ovarian Cancer. Ovarian Cancer Facts. Cancer occurs when cells undergo a change called a malignant transformation. They begin to grow and multiply without normal controls. As the cells grow and multiply, they form masses called malignant tumors or cancerous frowths or just cancers. A cancer can also spread or metastasize from their site of origin into the other tissues. Cancer is dangerous both because of its local growth and the damage it can cause and its potential for spread. Cancer growths overwhelm healthy cells by taking their space and the oxygen and nutrients they need to survive and function. Ovarian cancer occurs when a tumor forms in one or both of a woman's ovaries. The ovaries are a pair of small organs that produce and release ova, or human eggs. The ovaries also produce important hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. They are located in the lower abdomen (pelvis), on either side of the womb (uterus). Ova released by the ovaries travel through the fallopian tubes to the uterus, where they may or may not be fertilized by the male sperm. Not all transformations or changes are . A benign transformation can produce tumors. Benign tumors can grow in place, but do not have the potential to spread. The ovaries can develop benign tumors, as well as malignant tumors or cancers. In the process called metastasis, malignant tumors may encroach on and invade neighboring organs or lymph nodes, or they may enter the bloodstream and spread to remote organs such as the liver or lungs. The presence of metastases or metastatic tumors is an ominous finding noted in the more advanced stages of cancer of the ovary. ![]() ![]() Search Harvard Health Publications. What can we help you find? Enter search terms and tap the Search button. Both articles and products will be searched. The type of cell that originated the abnormal growth determines the class of the ovarian tumors. Epithelial tumors: These tumors arise from a layer of cells that line the ovary called the germinal epithelium. A majority of all ovarian cancers are epithelial. These are most common in women who have been through menopause (aged 4. These epithelial tumors are rarely found without at least some evidence of spread. Chemotherapy is used in addition to surgery to treat these cancers. Stromal tumors: Stromal tumors develop from connective- tissue cells that help form the structure of the ovary and produce hormones. Usually, only one ovary is involved. There is a lot of truth and myth floating around about what home remedies work for drug tests. If you happen to be in the unfortunate situation where passing a drug. Did you get a false positive pregnancy test result? Click HERE for some possible reasons why your positive pregnancy test was followed by negative results. PKD DIET, the Kidney Plant based Alkaline Diet Neutral Protein 0.6 grams/kilogram Low Salt 1200 mg sodium - Himalayan pink salt Water. These account for 5- 1. These tumors typically occur in women aged 4. Often, surgical removal of the tumor is the only treatment needed. If the tumor has spread, though, the woman needs chemotherapy. ![]() ![]()
Germ cell tumors: Tumors that arise from germ cells (cells that produce the egg) account for about 1. These tumors develop most often in young women (including teenaged girls). Although 9. 0% of women with this type of cancer are successfully treated, many become permanently infertile. Metastatic tumors: Only 5% of ovarian cancers have spread from other sites to the ovary. The most common sites from which they spread are the colon, breast, stomach, and pancreas. Within these main classes are many different subtypes of tumors. Noncancerous (benign) ovarian masses include abscesses or infections, fibroids, cysts, polycystic ovaries, endometriosis- related masses, ectopic pregnancies, and others. Of markedly enlarged ovarian masses (> 4 cm) found in women who are still menstruating (have not been through menopause), about 2. Of markedly enlarged masses found in women who have been through menopause, about 4. The incidence of ovarian cancer varies greatly. Globally, Scandinavia, Israel, and North America have the highest rates. Developing countries and Japan have the lowest rates. Some 1. 4,2. 40 women in the U. S. However, the five- year survival rate drops to 2. In the United States, about one in 5. About 2. 2,2. 80 new cases in the U. S. This syndrome may be due to mutations of the BRCA1 gene. Other factors that increase ovarian cancer risk include the following: Age greater than 5. No pregnancies. Use of fertility drugs: Some studies have shown that the use of fertility drugs increases the risk of ovarian cancer, but study results have not been consistent. Ashkenazi Jewish heritage. European (white) heritage: White women are much more likely to have ovarian cancer than African American women. Asbestos exposure. Repeated exposure of the genitals to talc. Irradiation of the pelvic area. Some viruses, especially the virus that causes mumps. Some findings suggest that estrogen may promote ovarian cancer in women who have been through menopause. For years, the cancer risks involved with using hormone replacement therapy divided the medical community. Research findings in 2. Experts no longer routinely recommend long- term hormone replacement therapy for most women, though the issue can be considered on a case by case basis. Some factors decrease ovarian cancer risk. Any factor that inhibits ovulation (release of an egg from the ovary) seems to protect against development of ovarian cancer. This may be because ovulation disrupts the epithelial layer of the ovary. As cells divide to repair the damage, uncontrolled division and malignant changes may occur. Term pregnancy (lasting the full nine months) significantly reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. As the number of pregnancies increases, the risk of ovarian cancer decreases. Use of oral contraceptives (birth control pills) reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. Breastfeeding lowers risk of ovarian cancer, and the risk decreases with increasing duration of breastfeeding. Removal of the ovaries before cancer reduces the risk of cancer arising in the ovaries to zero. However, cases of a closely related condition called primary peritoneal carcinoma due to embryonic remnants of ovarian formation can still occur. This may be a consideration in women with inherited cancer risks. Experts should base this decision on genetic testing and counseling. Having the woman's.
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The NEW Bodybuilding Diet - G. L. A. D. I firmly believe that this is THE bodybuilder’s diet. Nothing is going to pack on mass quite like it. ![]() You are about to be introduced to a diet that will allow you to build NEW slabs of muscle without adding any body fat. This diet acts as a biological TRIGGER to jack up your body’s anabolic hormones. In fact I’ll say this: Meaningful gains in muscle mass will ONLY happen once you accept the fact that you must create an optimal anabolic environment inside your body. Half of the story is training correctly (see 1. ![]() The other half is diet and is fully covered in this article. NOTE: I have a free Muscle. Hack calculator that will automatically calculate your daily protein & calorie requirements. You can use it and even download it if you prefer. If you would like access to it, just type in your email below. ![]() You don’t have to go to your email to click a confirm link; the info you need will appear immediately after you enter your email. Enjoy the calculator? I’d say it’s the following: (1) Most importantly to fuel the ANABOLIC process to 1. Best of all – it’s a breeze! Now pay attention because this is how it works. They are: Testosterone. Optimum Nutrition Detox And Cleanse Reviews How To Lose 75 Pounds In 1 Year How Many Miles Should I Run To Lose Weight Lose 50 Pounds In 2 Months Guaranteed How To.Growth Hormone. Insulin- like growth factor (IGF- 1)Your body will be PRIMED for adding rock- hard muscle – all the time! And you WON’T get fatter. This nutritional approach will take care of this without you having to think about it. I believe GLAD to be the current best approach to bodybuilding nutrition because you: Reap the benefits of the POWERFUL anabolic hormone insulin on muscle growth. Have less, if any, lipogenesis i. GLAD delivers – big time! ![]() How To Eat To Build Muscle. G. L. A. D. Low- Carb is a QUANTITATIVE measure i. It shows HOW a particular food affects blood sugar. It is the actual LOAD placed on blood sugar per unit time that is important. What I have done is thoroughly researched this field and made the necessary amendments to create an ANABOLIC glycemic load diet, or the Glycemic Load Anabolic Diet. What Are GL’s. GL points are the GLUCOSE EQUIVALENT of a given food in grams (Glycemic Load is sometimes referred to as GCE or ! It’ll also prevent arterial damage caused by high blood sugar. However, on this new version of GLAD, you don’t need to actually count GL’s. It’s automatically taken care of by implementing the 5 GLAD rules below. If you’ve no idea why carbs and insulin can encourage fat storage and still are of the mindset that a calorie is a calorie no matter where it comes from, read this article – Carbs & Weight Loss. The 5 GLAD Rules(1) Eat REAL, Natural Fats. ![]() Dietary fat plays a MAJOR role in maximizing our anabolic hormone profile. However, for this to work, they need to be real fats – both saturated and unsaturated. So avoid fats from unnatural sources. Eat butter instead of margarine. Only eat natural peanut butter. Eggs, cheese, and full- fat milk are also on the GLAD menu. As a bonus, dietary fat in every meal helps further reduce the glycemic impact of the food.(2) Avoid Sugar and Processed Carbs. These are trash carbs. They are nutritionally bankrupt and cause fast rises in insulin. The MS Diet - The body reacts negatively towards certain food particles. This is a list of foods to avoid (as well as alternatives) and foods to enjoy! I firmly believe that this is THE bodybuilder’s diet. Nothing is going to pack on mass quite like it. You are about to be introduced to a diet that will allow you.
Stick to the type of carbs I am about to list for you. Point (1) above will only work so well if don’t get this part right! Using low GL carbs stabilizes insulin and it is this that allows for higher levels of growth hormone in the body.(3)Eat No More Than Your Sufficient Calorie Requirement For Building Muscle. There is an amount of calories that your body needs to: sustain itself (resting metabolic rate)carry out your day to day activitiesperform exerciserepair and grow from the effects of that exercise. The usual advice from meat- heads is to work out how many calories your body needs for the first 3 factors above, than add on about 5. Repair & Growth. No wonder almost everyone looking to . Folks, there are only 6. Unless you honestly believe that you’re going to build a few pounds of muscle every single week (this isn’t possible), you can EXPECT to get fatter. ![]() ![]() Be smart – eat your SCR. In previous posts I advocated around 2. You can use my free calorie calculator here or manually calculate it by taking the steps below. This is where a cheap pair of body fat calipers comes in very handy.(II) Calories Burned From Daily Activity/Job – Different daily activities obviously have different energy requirements. That’s why it’s important to factor in your occupational calorie burn. Light work – multiply your RMR by 1. Moderate work – multiply your RMR by 1. Heavy work – multiply your RMR by 1. A typical 4. 0- 5. THT) will expend roughly 2. Now add your figure from step (II) to step (III).(IV) The fourth and final step is to add those growth calories and NOT overdo it. Calories as a . Now you know how many calories you need, let’s move on. Eating small and often will produce smaller increases in blood sugar. More level blood sugar means less chance of going into fat- storage mode AND a healthier you! However, there’s no need to overdo it and eat 6, 7, 8 or more times per day as some suggest. If you’ve been led to believe that you need to eat 6 or more times a day because your body can only absorb 2. Eat Protein & Fat at Every Meal with your Carbs. Carrying on from above, we’ll have a steady supply of muscle- building protein with this approach, but also, protein and fat help slow the digestion of carbohydrate in the meal. This is why you should combine all 3 macros at every sitting. Wondering how much protein you need? Use the following formula. In an older version of this diet I recommended readers consume a maximum of 9. GL’s a day. However, since you’ll be: eating the right type of carbsspreading your calories over at least 4 mealseating protein and fat with every mealeating no more than what your body needs for growth. Like I said at the beginning, GLAD is EASY! However, for information purposes, GLAD will work out around a 4. THE GLAD CARBSCarbs are the only macronutrient that you need to watch in relation to regulating blood sugar. So to help you get started, I’ve listed common foods that you’ll use on this diet. While you don’t need to count GL’s, I’ve listed them here for your information: Bread. Rye kernel (pumpernickel) bread (1 slice) – 6 GLs. Volkenbrot (wholemeal rye bread) (1 slice) – 7 GLs. Wholemeal Rye Bread (1 slice)–8 GLs. Rough Oatcakes (1 oat cake) – 2. GLs. Cheese Oatcakes (1 oat cake) – 3. GLs. Fine Oatcakes (1 oat cake) – 3. GLs. Wholemeal Pita – 9. GLs. Wholewheat Tortilla Wrap – 8. GLs. Cereals. 30g Rolled Oats Cooked – 1. GLs (some have this listed as 2. GLs! Please check your own brand)5. Original Granola (1 medium bowl) 5. GLs. 30g All- Bran. However, if you are determined for some reason to chug some glucose after a workout, use this formula to calculate how much to take so you don’t overdo it. Dietary fats are important: Fat is REQUIRED for the absorption of fat- soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)Anabolic Hormones – Fats are required to keep testosterone levels up. Reducing the GL of any meal. Heart Energy – Yes indeed. The heart gets 6. Lipid Profile – Omega 3 fatty acids improve lipid profile and reduce heart- risk factors. Take 1g at breakfast. Protein Synthesis – Omega 3 has also been shown to improve protein synthesis levels. A good idea is to take 2g AFTER your post- workout shake and within an hour of finishing your workout. So let’s wrap this up with the steps you’ll now need to take to start this healthy, muscle- building lifestyle. How to get Started on GLADHere’s the simple steps on how to start using this diet to build muscle & stop fat accumulation dead in its tracks.(1) Work out your Sufficient Calorie Requirement using the above formula or use my free calculator(2) Work out how many grams of protein you need(3) Plan to eat 4 times per day to include protein, real carbs, and real fat at every meal.(4) Go shopping and replace your old high GL foods with some of the above(5) Prepare a few days or a week’s meals in advance so you don’t get stuck. Once you’ve been doing this a week or so you’ll have it mastered and not need to prepare so much in advance. Further GLAD Resources. You should definitely bookmark the following sites for quick reference: The Glycemic Index Site – Holds GI and GL values for almost everything (click on the ? No probs – make use of Google’s . You should allow yourself some indulgences periodically. When on GLAD I recommend you just forget the GL and simply count the calories of the cheat meal towards your daily totals. Over the course of a year this will add up to a few pounds of fat, but so what, it comes off pretty easily when you know what you’re doing. CONCLUSIONI hoped you liked this article and are excited about getting started on a brand new, anabolic lifestyle. With this knowledge, you’ll be building more muscle and feeling much better in no time! It took me a long time to both research and write this article for you. If I could ask you guys to help spread the word any way you can, I would really appreciate it. Like it on facebook, submit it to social bookmarking sites like stumbleupon, tweet it on twitter, tell your readers if you have your own site; anything you could do would be a great help. Thank You! Eat Well & Get Big! Your Buddy,Mark Mc. Manus, trainer & author of the NEW fat- torching system “Total Six Pack Abs” & the BREAKTHROUGH Arm- Maximizer program “The Arms Blast Experiment Revealed!“. The Old School 'Steak and Eggs' Diet for Fat Loss, Balanced Energy, and Increased Testosterone. When it comes to burning body fat simplicity is often overlooked in favor of needlessly complicated systems and plans for losing weight. People will needlessly try to count calories, mix and match several different ingredients to “activate their fat- burning” abilities, eliminate all high calorie foods, or drink nothing but juice for a week. And they end up right back where they started – with unwanted body fat! Well, I am here to tell you there is an easier way, a simpler way, and a funner way. It's called . For meal #1 you eat 3/4 lb to 1 1/2 pounds of steak and 4- 6 eggs. For meal #2 you eat the exact same thing. Cook your Steak and Eggs in butter, as much butter as you want, and season with salt and pepper. Prepare your eggs any way you like, fried, scrambled, sunny side up, poached, or hard boiled. No carbohydrates, no vegetables, no other foods, no snacks, no drinks except water, black coffee and unsweetened tea. Every 6th day is a cheat day and you can eat whatever you want. Ice cream, pies, alcohol, Mc. Donalds – nothing is off limits. That's 5 days of Steak and Eggs and one day of glorious gluttony. Repeat until lean. Isn't it hard to eat only Steak and Eggs? It is only mentally hard. Physically you feel great on this diet. Once you get past the mental aspect of eating the same thing it's as easy as going to Mc. Donalds and ordering a #3 supersized with a coke. Won't I be hungry all the time if I just eat two meals of Steak and Eggs? At first maybe. After you get used to it you will not even notice hunger. Fat and protein are very satiating and fulfilling. It is when we eat carbohydrates that our bodies signal us to eat more and more. Everyone knows the joke about being hungry 3. Chinese food – because it is mostly rice and other carbohydrates. Fat and protein provide long lasting energy. Someone can sit around and snack on carbohydrates like potato chips and cookies all day but you cannot snack on steak all day because you will get full. But isn't Steak and Eggs cooked in Butter high in fat and unhealthy? It is high in fat, yes. Unhealthy, no. What you don't hear on the nightly news is that saturated fat is essential for health, vitality and testosterone. You can simply take a look around you and notice how many obese people avoid fat like it is evil incarnate. Well that's just plain untrue. Fat is essential for maintaining a lean weight. You need to eat fat because fat provides steady energy throughout the day. When you don't eat fat you simply keep eating (in humans it's called snacking, in animals it's called grazing). All grazing animals are fat and all snacking humans are fat. How does the Steak and Eggs diet burn body fat? The Steak and Eggs diet is a ketogenic diet. That means it is a high- fat, moderate protein, zero carbohydrate diet. When carbohydrates are eliminated as a source of energy your body is forced to burn fat as fuel. For the ketogenic diet to work you must eat high fat and not eat carbohydrates. How does the Steak and Eggs diet give you balanced energy? On the Steak and Eggs diet you do not consume any carbohydrates. When you eat carbohydrates you spike your insulin which results in bursts of energy and fatigue. Everyone at the office knows of the after lunch slump when all you want to do is sleep. That is because of the carbohydrates consumed at lunch. When you eliminate the carbohydrates you eliminate the insulin spikes and your energy stays steady throughout the day. How does the Steak and Eggs diet increase testosterone? Simple. Fat and cholesterol are the building blocks of testosterone and must be consumed in order to naturally increase testosterone. Can I eat other meats besides Steak? Well then it wouldn't be the Steak and Eggs diet would it? If you need to replace a meal here or there with another meat it is no problem, but keep the bulk of the diet Steak, Eggs and butter. Won't I be missing out on essential vitamins and minerals if I am not eating vegetables? Let's see. 3 ounces of beef provides the same amount of Iron as 2 3/4 cups of raw spinach. Zinc. 4 ounces of beef gives you 4. Selenium. 4 ounces of beef gives your nearly 5. B1. 2 and 2. 5% of your daily requirement of vitamin B6. Beef is one of the healthiest foods you can eat. Eggs contain Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium. How long should I do the steak and eggs diet? As long as you want to or need to. Who is the Steak and Eggs diet for? Anyone who wants to naturally burn some body fat, lose weight, have steady energy and increase testosterone. Rules to Remember: Don't be afraid of eating fat! You MUST eat high fat in order for this diet to work. If you eat zero carbohydrates and low fat your body will go into what it called Rabbit Starvation (or protein poisoning). Protein by itself is toxic and must be accompanied by carbohydrates or fats. Never give in and snack on “just one”. It is never just one, it will always lead to more and more until eventually you've eaten the whole box. Alcohol is off limits while on the Steak and Eggs diet. Remember, five days in a row of Steak and Eggs, one day of high carbohydrates, lower fat cheat day. You will notice after your carbohydrates cheat day you will look great in the mirror. That is because your muscles may look flat and depleted while on a ketogenic diet, when you eat carbohydrates they fill up with water and look spectacular. More reading: Check out more Zero Carb Diet Tips here. Update: Want my favorite Steak and Eggs recipe plus three additional recipes for a lean and mean body? Click here to get them delivered free. Diet For Fatty Liver And Pancreas. This organ plays a major role in metabolism and has a number of functions in the body, including glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production, and detoxification. It lies below the diaphragm in the abdominal- pelvic region of the abdomen. It produces bile, an alkaline compound which aids in digestion via the emulsification of lipids. ![]() ![]() DIET GUIDELINES FOR PANCREATITIS Mar 29. The goal of diet therapy for pancreatitis is to. A healthy eating plan for pancreatitis includes nonfat and low-fat. A pancreatitis diet is what a person looks for when they have developed pancreatitis. A proper diet for pancreatitis can help relieve the major symptom of. Explore nutrition guidelines, pancreatic enzymes, healthy patient recipes and more tools to help you feel your best during your pancreatic cancer journey. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Doctors give trusted, helpful answers on causes, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and more: Dr. Legha on diet for fatty liver and pancreas: I hope you are seeing a.UK Doc: Type 2 Often Curable. ![]() ![]() The burlesque and drag worlds are rife with diversity, vibrancy and . The world is an unforgiving place and rarely extends the arm of acceptance out to those who appear . Here, I interview Tyler T Love, transmasculine powerhouse about living his burlesque and drag life to the fullest, how he overcomes body image issues and how he is basically a total badass. Robot Check. Enter the characters you see below. Sorry, we just need to make sure you're not a robot. For best results, please make sure your browser is accepting cookies. ![]() ![]() The Hallelujah Diet has worked for thousands of individuals seeking nutritional guidance and healthy eating habits. In 1999 after much study and. Welcome to the Hallelujah Diet YouTube Channel! Hallelujah Diet® is a non-denominational Christian organization that provides education, products, services. Children and the Hallelujah Diet. Excerpts taken from Pregnancy, Children and the Hallelujah Diet by Olin Idol, N.D., C.N.C., H and Hallelujah Kids by Julie Wandling. Haven Today with Charles Morris: timely topics, biblical teaching, engaging conversations, and daily encouragement. The Hallelujah Diet was developed by Pastor George Malkmus after he says he successfully beat cancer. After his life changing experience, Malkmus created the. I know people that were on the hallelujah diet for several years. It got rid of his prostate cancer, so the whole family went on it for probably 5 years. ![]() Poster Authors and Abstracts – CSU Annual Biotechnology Symposium. CSU Biotechnology Symposium. Posters with Author Listings and Abstracts. Use “Find” function or Ctrl F to search. Poster #: 1 Campus: CSU Northridge. Poster Category: Agriculture/Biofuels/Environment. Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, Genetic engineering, Weather pollution. Project Title: Overexpression of an aminocyclopropane- 1- carboxylic acid synthase gene in Arabidopsis thaliana and its effect on removing environmental pollutants. Author List: Ramadoss, Niveditha; Graduate, Biology, California State University, Northridge, Presenting Author. ![]() Gupta, Dinesh; Washington University, St. Louis. Guenther, Alex; University of California, Irvine. Basu, Chhandak; Biology, California State University, Northridge. Abstract: Rise in air pollution has led to increasing cancer, several respiratory and cardiac illnesses in humans. Author links open the author workspace. Majmundar 1. Numbers and letters correspond to the affiliation list. Click to expose these in author workspace 3. In addition to more refined basic science approaches, the many remaining questions may in part be addressed by better coordination of the emerging evidence across. More information on risk factors for retinal damage directly related to the use of bright or blue light therapy lamps. For further validations or for clarification of. Research Publications. Below are links to annual collections listing all of the research publications produced at The University of Western Australia from 1993 to 2012. This review of Alzheimer's disease assembles a variety of findings relevant to the mechanism of the disease and ties them together using the current understanding of. Columbus Instruments' Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS) has set the standard for multiple parameter scoring of multiple animals. World Health Organization estimates that one in eight person die from air pollution. The main objective of our study is to analyze the feasibility of genetically engineered plants to remove polluting volatile compounds from air. To achieve this goal we genetically transformed Arabidopsis thaliana with an ACS (Aminocyclopropane- 1- carboxylic acid synthase) gene. Using quantitative real- time PCR (q. PCR), we previously confirmed that the ACS gene was upregulated in poplar (Populus trichocarpa) plants when exposed to environmental pollutants including ozone and methyl vinyl ketone. Therefore, we hypothesize that ACS gene might play an important role in poplar plants in mitigating stresses resulting from pollutant exposure. The homolog of poplar ACC synthase gene was PCR amplified from Arabidopsis thaliana and cloned into p. BINmgfp. 5- er vector, featuring a constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus promoter removing the native jellyfish green fluorescent (GFP) gene. The recombinant plasmid containing the ACS gene was electroporated into the GV1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Arabidopsis plants were genetically engineered with ACS gene by dipping the T0 (transgenic zero or wild type) flowering plants into GV1. Agrobacterium containing the recombinant binary vector. The transformed plants were selected through kanamycin resistance and grown till T3 (third transgenic) generation. The ACS gene expression of these plants will be confirmed through q. PCR. The pollutant absorbing capacity will be tested by placing the transformed T3 plants in an environmental gas chamber where they will be exposed to various levels of pollutants. The ability of the transformed plants to absorb pollutants will be evaluated by performing gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses to measure pollutants in the inlet and outlet airflow in order to quantify the pollutant deposition rate. Our use of a model plant Arabidopsis is . Our future goal will be to transform tree species and evaluate their potentials to remove pollutants. These studies will open doors for use of transgenic plants to clean up environments. Poster #: 2 Campus: Sonoma State University. Poster Category: Agriculture/Biofuels/Environment. Keywords: Biosensors, Wireless Biosensor Network , Soil. Project Title: A Comparative Study of RF Wave Attenuation in Soil and Sand. ![]() Author List: Palmerin, Abraham; Undergraduate, Engineering Science , Sonoma State University, Presenting Author. Farahmand, Farid; Engineering Science, Sonoma State University. Fong, Erin; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Engineering Division. Abstract: Soil is the most spatially complex stratum of a terrestrial ecosystem. Therefore, soil monitoring and understanding changes in soil ecosystem are considered to be important aspects of any environmental monitoring. The recent emergence of Wireless Biosensor Networks (WBNs) promises addressing many ecological questions, particularly related to soil, though providing uninterrupted real- time data from various biosensors using RF signals. In this work we focused on understanding the impact of soil composition (e. RF waves travel underground. This study is crucial in order to define the appropriate RF band, power level, and RF antenna size for extended underground monitoring. Find ROS Assay Kits and more by visiting the Cell Biolabs website today! We have the best selection of reactive oxygen species assay kits. Type or paste a DOI name into the text box. Your browser will take you to a Web page (URL) associated with that DOI name. Send questions or comments to doi. Our research focused on 5. GHz ISM bands. The first part of our experiment was conducted in a 1. We measured the RF signal path loss through the sand for the above frequencies at different horizontal distances between the transmitter and receiver. We also measured RF signal strength as we changed the vertical distances between the two antennas. In the second part of our experiment, we used regular gardening soil mostly composed of organic matter, perlite and vermiculite. Vermiculite keeps the soil hydrated and is part of the clay minerals group. We made similar measurements. In both cases, we maintained the temperature at 2. Celsius. We normalized the obtained path loss measurements as a function of distance for all frequencies to remove any offset difference due to factors such as antennas. Our results indicate that at 0. GHz the received signal power level decays with distance by about 1. B/cm when traveling in soil. We also found that at higher frequencies, the RF signal experiences 4- 6 d. B more attenuation in soil than air. The exact value depends on the frequency and antenna polarization type. On the other hand, the path loss in sand is about 0. B more than air. It is therefore, preferred to use lower band frequencies for underground biosensors. However, the trade off will be antenna size and its design complexity. Our results conclude that it is critical to carefully manage signal power and understand antenna design when wireless biosensors are placed in an area with high quantity of clay content. This study was carried out in collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Division of Earth Sciences. Poster #: 3 Campus: CSU Long Beach. Poster Category: Agriculture/Biofuels/Environment. Keywords: Arabidopsis, Senescence, Epigenetics. Project Title: A TIR- NBS- LRR Class Disease Resistance Protein Mays be a Positive Regulator of Developmental Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Author List: Mendoza, Victor ; Undergraduate, Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, Presenting Author. Brusslan, Judy; Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach. Abstract: Leaf senescence is the final stage in leaf development in which the leaf reallocates its nutrients to growing parts of the plant. This study aims to determine if the At. TIR- NBS- LRR class disease resistance protein (DRP), is involved in leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. This gene is up- regulated in leaf senescence and the increase in expression occurs in parallel to increases in the H3. K4me. 3 mark. Two distinct transfer- DNA (T- DNA) insertion lines that disrupt At. DNA sequencing. Loss of gene expression was confirmed by amplification of c. DNA using insertion- specific primers. Chlorophyll and total protein levels were used as physical markers for age. Differences between wild type and mutant leaves were quantified and compared using two- tailed student’s t- test. The transcript levels of robust senescence- up regulated genes (WRKY7. NIT2), were also compared. Our results revealed a significant increase of protein levels in the k. A trend of increased chlorophyll levels in k. Quantitative real- time PCR data revealed no trends of increased senescence associated gene transcript levels. We infer that the TIR- NBS- LRR, from the TNL- H subfamily, K4- DRP, may be involved in the protein degradation signaling cascade in senescence. Further work includes generating triple mutants of the TNL- H class genes that are up- regulated during senescence and marked by H3. K4me. 3. A strong delayed- senescence phenotype in triple TNL- H mutants would suggest that the TNL- H subfamily of genes may be positive regulators of senescence. Poster #: 4 Campus: CSU Fresno. Poster Category: Agriculture/Biofuels/Environment. Keywords: fleabane, herbicide resistance, greenhouse common garden. Project Title: Fitness cost of glyphosate resistance in hairy fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis) under drought conditions. Author List: Pathak, Ankit; Graduate, Biology, California State University, Fresno, Presenting Author. Waselkov, Katherine; Biology, California State University, Fresno. Abstract: Many agriculturally invasive, weedy plant species have evolved resistance various chemical herbicides, in large part because of continuous application of these chemicals to agricultural environments. Glyphosate is a powerful, low- toxicity herbicide that has been extensively applied to crops in the San Joaquin Valley of California since the 1. In 2. 00. 7, a glyphosate- resistant population of hairy fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis) was discovered on a California roadside, and since then, glyphosate resistance in fleabane has become widespread in the San Joaquin Valley. During the same time period (2. California agriculture. Since this weed species competes with young fruit trees and vines for resources, and as water resources become more limited due to climatic changes, our lab has begun to study the interaction between glyphosate resistance (GR) and drought stress in hairy fleabane. Our hypothesis was that glyphosate resistance has no fitness cost under drought- stressed conditions. Twenty plants each from a well- characterized GR fleabane population and a glyphosate- sensitive (GS) population were grown in a greenhouse environment: half of the plants of each biotype were exposed to drought stress conditions (4. We measured different fitness components, including height and leaf number over time, days to bolting and flowering, above- ground and below- ground biomass, and seed production. Treatment had a stronger effect than biotype on all measurements that showed significant differences between groups, including days to flowering (8. The influence of exercise on brain aging and dementia. Physical activity has been recognized as an important protective factor reducing disability and mortality and therefore it is focus of many health promotion activities at all ages. More recently a growing body of literature is focusing whether physical activity could also have a positive impact on brain aging with exploring healthy brain aging as well as on cognitive impairment and dementia. An increasing number of prospective studies and randomized controlled trials involving humans take place both with older adults with normal cognition as well as with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. However, the body of evidence is still sparse and many methodological issues make comparisons across studies challenging. Increasingly research into underlying mechanisms in relation to physical activity and brain aging identify biomarker candidates with especially neuroimaging measurements being more used in trials with humans. Whilst the evidence base is slowly growing more detailed research is needed to address methodological issues to finally achieve clinical relevance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Imaging Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative disease. Esophageal Spasm Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, and More. What is esophageal spasm? Normally, contractions of the esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth and the stomach) move food from the mouth to the stomach with a regular, coordinated rhythm. Esophageal spasm means that contractions of the esophagus are irregular, uncoordinated, and sometimes powerful. This condition may be called diffuse esophageal spasm, or DES. These spasms can prevent food from reaching the stomach. When this happens, the food gets stuck in the esophagus. Sometimes the squeezing moves down the esophagus in a coordinated way, but it is very strong. This can be called nutcracker esophagus. These contractions move food through the esophagus but can cause severe pain. Esophageal spasm is not common. Often, symptoms that may suggest esophageal spasm are the result of another condition such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or achalasia. Achalasia is a problem with the nervous system in which the muscles of the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) don't work properly. ![]() Gastroesophageal. Marc Basson offers a clinical overview of acute, subacute, and chronic constipation, one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. Overview An esophageal diverticulum is a pouch, or pocket, of stretched tissue that develops anywhere along the esophagus, pushing outward through its muscular wall. Abdominal pain acute or chronic, localized or diffuse pain in the abdominal cavity. Abdominal pain is a significant symptom because its cause may require immediate. Anxiety or panic attacks can also cause similar symptoms. What causes esophageal spasm? The cause of esophageal spasm is unknown. Many doctors believe it results from a disruption of the nerve activity that coordinates the swallowing action of the esophagus. In some people, very hot or very cold foods may trigger an episode. What are the symptoms? Most people with this condition have chest pain that may spread outward to the arms, back, neck, or jaw. This pain can feel similar to a heart attack. If you have chest pain, you should be evaluated by a doctor as soon as possible to rule out or treat cardiac disease. Other symptoms include difficulty or inability to swallow food or liquid, pain with swallowing, the feeling that food is caught in the center of the chest, and a burning sensation in the chest (heartburn). Continued. How is esophageal spasm diagnosed? Your doctor can often find out the cause of esophageal spasm from your medical history by asking you a series of questions. These include questions about what foods or liquids trigger symptoms, where it feels like food gets stuck, other symptoms or conditions you may have, and whether you are taking medicines for them. The diagnosis can be confirmed with tests, including esophagus tests (such as esophageal manometry) or a barium swallow. Esophageal manometry uses a small tube attached to instruments (transducers) that measure pressure. A barium swallow is done using X- rays. Other tests may be done to find out whether chest pain may be caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the abnormal backflow (reflux) of food, stomach acid, and other digestive juices from the stomach into the esophagus. How is it treated? Treatment for esophageal spasm includes treating other conditions that may make esophageal spasms worse, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is usually treated with changes to diet and lifestyle and medicines to reduce the amount of acid in the stomach. Other treatment for esophageal spasm may include: Changing the foods you eat. Your doctor may tell you to eat certain foods and liquids to make swallowing easier. Dilation. In this treatment, a device is placed down your esophagus to carefully expand any narrow areas of your esophagus. You may need to have the treatment more than once. A diet high in fiber can help prevent the development of diverticulitis. Women should aim for at least 25 g of fiber daily, while. WebMD's Esophagus Anatomy Page provides a detailed picture and definition of the esophagus. Learn about its function and location and about conditions that affect the. Diverticulosis is the condition of having multiple pouches (diverticula) in the colon that are not inflamed. These are outpockets of the colonic mucosa and submucosa. Continued How is esophageal spasm diagnosed? Your doctor can often find out the cause of esophageal spasm from your medical history by asking you a series of questions. Non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) is a term used to describe chest pain that resembles heart pain (also called angina) in patients who do not have heart disease.![]() Surgery. Surgery is sometimes used in people who have a problem that affects the lower esophageal muscle (achalasia). Medicines. If you can't have dilation or surgery, your doctor may suggest medicines, such as botulinum toxin, to relax the muscles in the esophagus. Web. MD Medical Reference from Healthwise. This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. ![]() An error occurred while setting your user cookie. Please set your. browser to accept cookies to continue. This cookie stores just a. ID; no other information is captured. Accepting the NEJM cookie is. ![]() 4044 jobs in Milwaukee, WI are available at Snagajob. Milwaukee employers are now hiring. Find your next job today! EPA tracks total U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks. This annual report estimates the total national greenhouse gas. Power Up to Read and Project Connect will be unavailable starting January 1, 2017. Home page of the VA Office of Budget. External Links Disclaimer. This page may contain links to pages and/or documents outside the Department of Veterans. Read the latest Cardiology news, opinion, conference coverage, thought leader perspectives, medical journal articles and more from theheart.org and Medscape. Lose Weight with the . Losing excess weight and adopting a Mediterranean diet will be well worth the effort over the long run. Why not get started now? ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() News: Breaking stories & updates. We've noticed you're adblocking. We rely on advertising to help fund our award- winning journalism. We urge you to turn off your ad blocker for The Telegraph website so that you can continue to access our quality content in the future. Thank you for your support. Are 'no calorie' noodles the Holy Grail of dieting? Filling, healthy food with fewer calories than you burn to eat it sounds too good to be true. ![]()
![]() 1512 Elizabeth Blount (later to be known as "mother of the king's son") to be a maid of honour to Queen Katherine With five daughters and another baby on the way, 31.![]() Sugar Addiction Withdrawal Symptoms – Sugar Addiction. For many years my own addiction to sugar and fat made weight loss almost impossible for me. I want to share a few things I’ve learned about sugar addiction, and addictions in general, because there are some common misconceptions. One thing many people don’t know is that the vast majority of people who are addicted to drugs and alcohol (and sugar) are able to kick their habits all by themselves. Yes, there are withdrawal symptoms. ![]()
And it often isn’t easy. But that doesn’t mean you can’t give up your habit. In fact, compared to many addictions, giving up sugar and other refined carbs is easy. It’s staying “clean” afterwards that’s hard. Like many people, I got to experience withdrawal symptoms when I decided to stop drinking coffee. I knew there would be a headache (and there was), so I scheduled my headache for the weekend. I didn’t get much done around the house that weekend, but by Monday morning my headache was gone. Caffeine is addictive, but that doesn’t mean I can’t stop drinking coffee – it just means I’ll pay a small price if I do. Other drugs, such as tobacco, have far longer and more disturbing withdrawal symptoms. Sugar addiction’s withdrawal symptoms, by comparison, are quite mild. The symptoms of sugar withdrawal can include headaches, fatigue, depression, drowsiness, skin eruptions, and mucus or throat discomfort. Some of these symptoms, especially the mood swings, fatigue and drowsiness, can occur on a daily basis as the blood sugar rises and falls on a high- sugar diet. ![]() Get the latest international news and world events from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and more. See world news photos and videos at ABCNews.com. Our minds tell us, and history confirms, that the great threat to freedom is the concentration of power. Government is necessary to preserve our freedom, it is an. Whether or not you’re successful in kicking an addictive habit depends on how you handle three different stages in the process. To make it easy to see what I’ll be talking about, I’ve drawn out the three stages here. The black line on the left represents the status quo – before you’ve given up your habit. The red square represents the withdrawal symptoms that are a natural consequence of removing an addictive substance, like sugar, from your body. With sugar addiction, the withdrawal symptoms may be weakness, slight nausea, headache, and other fairly mild but possibly uncomfortable symptoms. My caffeine withdrawal headache lasted 2 days, sugar withdrawal symptoms may last for a week or two. Some people may experience little or no discomfort at all. The blue line on the right represents life after withdrawal. That’s our goal, because it leads towards health. The first step towards giving up a habit that involves an addictive substance is acknowledgment. It is very important to acknowledge that there are perfectly good reasons why you would like to make no changes – you enjoy the bagel in the morning, you like the taste of sugar, it helps you feel better in the afternoon, you enjoy sharing your baked goods with your friends and family, etc. We all have reasons for eating the way we do now. Acknowledge those reasons – it’s an important part of the process. There are also very good reasons for giving up the sugar and white flour habit – it makes you fat, it leads to heart disease and diabetes, etc. Look at both sides of the issue, educate yourself as much as possible about nutrition, and then make an informed choice. I hope you’ll see that life without sugar is worth it, in spite of the few days when you’ll experience uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms. Hungarian Revolution of 1. Wikipedia. Hungarian Revolution of 1. Part of the Cold War. Flag of Hungary, with the communist coat of arms cut out. The flag with a hole became the symbol of the revolution. Belligerents Soviet Union. Hungary Hungarian revolutionaries. Commanders and leaders. Nikita Khrushchev. Yuri Andropov. Ivan Konev. Ern. Though leaderless when it first began, it was the first major threat to Soviet control since the USSR's forces drove Nazi Germany from its territory at the end of World War II. The revolt began as a student demonstration, which attracted thousands as they marched through central Budapest to the Parliament building, calling out on the streets using a van with loudspeakers. A student delegation, entering the radio building to try to broadcast the students' demands, was detained. When the delegation's release was demanded by the demonstrators outside, they were fired upon by the State Security Police (. One student died and was wrapped in a flag and held above the crowd. This was the start of the revolution. As the news spread, disorder and violence erupted throughout the capital. The revolt spread quickly across Hungary and the government collapsed. Thousands organised into militias, battling the . Pro- Soviet communists and . Radical impromptu workers' councils wrested municipal control from the ruling Hungarian Working People's Party and demanded political changes. A new government formally disbanded the . By the end of October, fighting had almost stopped and a sense of normality began to return. After announcing a willingness to negotiate a withdrawal of Soviet forces, the Politburo changed its mind and moved to crush the revolution. On 4 November, a large Soviet force invaded Budapest and other regions of the country. The Hungarian resistance continued until 1. November. Over 2,5. Hungarians and 7. Soviet troops were killed in the conflict, and 2. Hungarians fled as refugees. Mass arrests and denunciations continued for months thereafter. By January 1. 95. Soviet- installed government had suppressed all public opposition. These Soviet actions, while strengthening control over the Eastern Bloc, alienated many Western Marxists, leading to splits and/or considerable losses of membership for communist parties in capitalist states. Public discussion about this revolution was suppressed in Hungary for more than 3. Since the thaw of the 1. At the inauguration of the Third Hungarian Republic in 1. October was declared a national holiday. Prelude. In 1. 94. Hungarian military participated in the occupation of Yugoslavia and the invasion of the Soviet Union. The Red Army was able to force back the Hungarian and other Axis invaders, and by 1. Hungary. Fearing invasion, the Hungarian government began armistice negotiations with the Allies. These ended when Nazi Germany invaded and occupied the country and set up its own pro- Axis regime, the Government of National Unity. Both Hungarian and German forces stationed in Hungary were subsequently defeated when the Soviet Union invaded the country in 1. Postwar occupation. Immediately after World War II, Hungary was a multiparty democracy, and elections in 1. Prime Minister Zolt. However, the Hungarian Communist Party, a Marxist–Leninist group who shared the Soviet government's ideological beliefs, constantly wrested small concessions in a process named salami tactics, which sliced away the elected government's influence, despite the fact that it had received only 1. The People's Republic of Hungary was then declared. This forced method of economic socialisation during infrastructural recovery from the war initially resulted in economic stagnation, lower standards of living, and a deep malaise. The victims were labeled as . In total, about half of all the middle and lower level party officials—at least 7,0. Thousands were arrested, tortured, tried, and imprisoned in concentration camps, deported to the east, or were executed, including . As a consequence, jobs and housing were very difficult to obtain. The deportees generally experienced terrible living conditions and were interned as slave labor on collective farms. Many died as a result of poor living conditions and malnutrition. Religious schools were nationalized and church leaders were replaced by those loyal to the government. Hungary agreed to pay war reparations approximating US$3. Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia and to support Soviet garrisons. In fact, the Five- Year Plan weakened Hungary's existing industrial structure and caused real industrial wages to fall by 1. Huge income deductions to finance industrial investment reduced disposable personal income; mismanagement created chronic shortages in basic foodstuffs resulting in rationing of bread, sugar, flour, and meat. The net result was that disposable real income of workers and employees in 1. In Hungary, the reformist Imre Nagy replaced R. By April 1. 95. 5, he had Nagy discredited and removed from office. Cline, who saw it as a way to . Among the principles of this alliance were . Responding to popular demand, in October 1. W. After a few tense days of negotiations, on 1. October the Soviets finally gave in to Gomu. The United States hoped to encourage European countries to break away from the bloc through their own efforts but wanted to avoid a US- Soviet military confrontation, as escalation might lead to nuclear war. For these reasons, US policy makers had to consider other means of diminishing Soviet influence in Eastern Europe, short of a rollback policy. This led to the development of containment policies such as economic and psychological warfare, covert operations, and, later, negotiation with the Soviet Union regarding the status of the Eastern states. The agency's own secret history would admit . At that time, the US responded very favourably to Hungary's overtures about a possible expansion of bilateral trade relations. Hungary's desire for better relations was partly attributable to the country's catastrophic economic situation. Before any results could be achieved, however, the pace of negotiations was slowed by the Hungarian Ministry of Internal Affairs, which feared that better relations with the West might weaken Communist rule in Hungary. Students and journalists started a series of intellectual forums examining the problems facing Hungary. These forums, called Pet. On 2. 2 October, students of the Technical University compiled a list of sixteen points containing several national policy demands. By 1. 8: 0. 0, the multitude had swollen to more than 2. The flash point was reached as a delegation attempting to broadcast their demands was detained and the crowd grew increasingly unruly as rumours spread that the protesters had been shot. Tear gas was thrown from the upper windows and the . Hungarian soldiers sent to relieve the . Police cars were set ablaze, guns were seized from military depots and distributed to the masses and symbols of the Communist regime were vandalised. Armed revolutionaries quickly set up barricades to defend Budapest, and were reported to have already captured some Soviet tanks by mid- morning. The population continued to arm itself as sporadic violence erupted. At the offices of the Communist newspaper Szabad N. The majority of Hungarian military units in Budapest and the countryside remained uninvolved, as the local commanders generally avoided using force against the protesters and revolutionaries. In another case, a fighter jet strafed a protest in the town of Tiszak. Photographs showed victims with signs of torture. On 3. 0 October, Kir. In the city of Kaposv. At the Csepel neighbourhood of Budapest, some 2. Communists defended the Csepel Iron and Steel Works. On 2. 7 October, army units were brought in to secure Csepel and restore order. They later withdrew on 2. October, after which the rebels seized control of the area. Communists of Budapest neighbourhood Angyalf. Anti- fascist resistance veterans from World War II participated in the offensive by which the Szabad N. In the countryside, defence measures were taken by pro- Communist forces. Public Communist symbols such as red stars and Soviet war memorials were removed, and Communist books were burned. Spontaneous revolutionary militias arose, such as the 4. J. One armoured division stationed in Budapest, commanded by P. Soviet commanders often negotiated local cease- fires with the revolutionaries. In Budapest, the Soviets were eventually fought to a stand- still and hostilities began to wane. Hungarian general B. Imre Nagy, Head of government – 1. The rapid spread of the uprising in the streets of Budapest and the abrupt fall of the Ger. Nagy, a loyal party reformer described as possessing . Yet Nagy, the only remaining Hungarian leader with credibility in both the eyes of the public and the Soviets, . However, newspaper editorials at the time stressed that Hungary should be a neutral, multi- party social democracy. In addition, in 6. Soviet authority such as red stars, Stalin or Lenin statues; 3. Soviet war memorials, and 1. The workers' councils strove to manage the enterprise while protecting workers' interests, thus establishing a socialist economy free of rigid party control. These councils held a combined conference in Budapest, deciding to end the nationwide labour strikes and resume work on 5 November, with the more important councils sending delegates to the Parliament to assure the Nagy government of their support. A hard- line faction led by Molotov was pushing for intervention, but Khrushchev and Marshal Zhukov were initially opposed. A delegation in Budapest reported that the situation was not as dire as had been portrayed. Khrushchev stated that he believed that Party Secretary Ern. In addition, he saw the protests not as an ideological struggle, but as popular discontent over unresolved basic economic and social issues. Even Marshal Georgy Zhukov said: . This is a lesson for us in the military- political sphere. This document proclaimed: . ![]() AOL Food - Recipes, Cooking and Entertaining. Dr Gundry’s Diet Evolution: The First 2-6 Weeks Foods you are allowed to eat: What to each at each meal! Protein the size of the palm of your hand (see below for. The Fast Metabolism Diet by Haylie Pomroy (2013): What to eat and foods to avoid. Fat Loss via Better Science and Simplicity. It is possible to lose 20 lbs. ![]() American decade foods, menus, products & party planning. ![]() ![]() ![]() Ingredients: 1/4 cup egg beaters (1/8 Lean) 1 1/2 cups broccoli (3 Greens) 4.5 oz 1% cottage cheese (3/8 Lean) 1/4 tsp Mrs dash garlic and herb seasoning (1 Condiment). Plan your trip! Order online! Pick up groceries or have them delivered with Curbside Express. The metabolism miracle: The revolutionary diet that can help you stay slim forever. By Diane Kress Updated: 02:49 EDT, 6 January 2010. Digital coupons are added to your shopping list when selected and remain on your shopping list until they are redeemed or they expire. |
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